Top 100 Programming Languages in the World

With a quarter-century of expertise, WeblineIndia has been an IT agency standing as a beacon of excellence in the offshore IT outsourcing sector. We pride ourselves on delivering bespoke solutions across diverse technologies, ensuring quality that has stood the test of time.

Our commitment to innovation and client satisfaction makes us the partner of choice for those seeking unparalleled IT services under various technologies. We master top programming languages for web and mobile app development, such as Java, DotNet, Python, PHP, JavaScript, Android, Flutter, React Native, Angular, React, Swift, and so many more and also offer expertise in versatile frameworks and libraries that enable software developers to build customized solutions for businesses across various industries. These languages support a range of functionalities from simple website structures to complex mobile applications to AI based applications, catering to unique business needs and enhancing digital presence.

However, there is much more in the list of total technologies in the world! Here is the list of Top 100 programming languages curated by us to guide you in selecting the ideal programming language for your software development needs.

Top 100 Programming Languages

1. Python

Python is a versatile, high-level programming language known for its simplicity and readability. Python web development is popular, and it is also used in data science, automation, and artificial intelligence. Python’s extensive libraries and community support make it a go-to language for beginners and experienced software developers alike. It excels in rapid development and prototyping.

2. Java

Java is a robust, object-oriented programming language that is platform-independent, thanks to the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Known for its reliability and scalability, Java development is widely used to build enterprise applications, Android apps, and large systems. Its strong memory management and security features make it ideal for high-performance applications.

3. C

C is a powerful, low-level programming language that provides fine-grained control over hardware and memory. Known for its efficiency and performance, C is widely used in systems programming, embedded systems, and high-performance applications. Its influence extends to many other languages, making it a foundational skill for software developers.

4. C++

C++ is an extension of the C programming language, adding object-oriented features and greater versatility. Known for its performance and flexibility, C++ is used in system/software development, game development, and real-time applications. Its powerful abstractions and control over system resources make it suitable for both high-level and low-level programming.

5. C# (C-Sharp)

C# (C-Sharp) is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft. It is widely used in developing Windows applications, game development with Unity, and enterprise software. C# combines the power of C++ with the ease of use of languages like Java, making it a popular choice for building robust applications.

6. Swift

Swift is a fast, safe, and interactive programming language developed by Apple for tvOS, macOS, watchOS, and iOS app development. It offers modern syntax, powerful features, and performance optimizations. Swift is designed to be easy to learn while providing the flexibility and control needed for building high-quality apps across Apple platforms.

7. Ruby

Ruby is a dynamic, open-source programming language known for its simplicity and productivity. It emphasizes human-friendly syntax, making it easy to read and write. Ruby is widely used in offshore web development, especially with the Ruby on Rails framework, which enables rapid development of high-performance web applications.

8. Kotlin

Kotlin is a modern, statically typed programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). It is fully interoperable with Java and has gained popularity as the preferred language for Android development. Kotlin offers concise syntax, enhanced safety features, and powerful tools for building reliable, maintainable, and scalable applications.

9. TypeScript

TypeScript is a statically typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. It adds type safety and advanced features, making code more robust and easier to maintain. TypeScript is widely used in large-scale web applications and frameworks like Angular, offering the benefits of both static typing and JavaScript’s flexibility.

10. Perl

Perl is a high-level, general-purpose programming language known for its text-processing capabilities. Often called the “Swiss Army knife” of programming, Perl excels in tasks involving regular expressions, file manipulation, and system administration. Its flexibility and extensive library support make it a versatile choice for scripting and automation.

11. Dart

Dart is a versatile, client-optimized language developed by Google. It’s designed for building high-performance web, mobile, and desktop applications. With its strong typing and modern syntax, Dart is the foundation of the Flutter framework, enabling software developers to create natively compiled apps with a single codebase.

12. Objective-C

Objective-C is a powerful, object-oriented programming language primarily used for macOS and iOS app development outsourcing. It extends C with object-oriented features and is known for its dynamic runtime, which provides flexibility and adaptability in app design. Although largely supplanted by Swift, Objective-C remains a critical tool in legacy Apple app development.

13. Scala

Scala is a high-level language that combines functional and object-oriented programming paradigms. Running on the JVM, it is compatible with Java and is often used in big data processing, thanks to frameworks like Apache Spark. Scala’s concise syntax and advanced features make it popular for programmers looking to write scalable, concurrent systems.

14. Julia

Julia is a high-performance programming language designed for numerical and scientific computing. Known for its speed and ease of use, Julia combines the best features of dynamic languages like Python with the speed of compiled languages like C. It is particularly favored in data science, machine learning, and computational biology.

15. Lua

Lua is a lightweight, high-level scripting language designed for embedded use in applications. It is highly portable, with a simple C API, making it ideal for offshore game development, real-time applications, and as a scripting tool in various software environments. Lua’s simplicity and efficiency have made it a popular choice in the gaming industry.

16. Groovy

Groovy is an agile, dynamic language for the Java platform, offering a more concise syntax and powerful features like scripting, meta-programming, and DSL support. It seamlessly integrates with Java, enhancing developer productivity while maintaining full compatibility with existing Java code. Groovy is widely used in build automation, testing, and rapid application development.

17. Rust

Rust is a systems programming language focused on safety, concurrency, and performance. It offers memory safety without a garbage collector, making it ideal for system-level programming, game development, and applications where performance is critical. Rust’s robust tooling and growing community make it a compelling alternative to languages like C++.

18. D

D is a modern systems programming language that combines the power of C++ with productivity features found in more dynamic languages. It offers clean syntax, garbage collection, and high-performance capabilities, making it suitable for a wide range of applications, from system-level programming to large-scale software engineering projects.

19. Go

Go, also known as Golang, is an open-source language developed by Google for building efficient, scalable software. Known for its simplicity and speed, Go is particularly strong in concurrent programming, making it a top choice for cloud services, microservices, and distributed systems. Go’s robust standard library and fast compilation further enhance developer productivity.

20. V

V is a minimalist, fast programming language designed for simplicity and performance. It compiles in less than a second, with a syntax similar to Go and Python, making it accessible to beginners while powerful enough for advanced programmers. V aims to be an all-purpose language, with a focus on safety and easy cross-compilation.

21. Ada

Ada is a structured, statically typed programming language designed for reliability and maintainability in large systems. Developed in the 1980s by the U.S. Department of Defense, Ada is used extensively in safety-critical systems, such as aviation, defense, and medical devices, due to its strong typing, modularity, and concurrency support.

22. Assembly

Assembly provides low-level access to a computer’s hardware, offering precise control over its operations. It is specific to a computer architecture and is often used in systems programming, real-time applications, and performance-critical software where direct hardware manipulation and optimization are required. Assembly remains vital in embedded systems and legacy software maintenance.

23. Fortran

Fortran, short for “Formula Translation,” is one of the oldest high-level programming languages, designed in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications. It excels in numerical computation and high-performance computing, making it a staple in fields like physics, meteorology, and computational chemistry, where intensive mathematical calculations are essential.

24. Modula-3

Modula-3 is a systems programming language that emphasizes simplicity and safety. Developed in the late 1980s, it inherits features from Modula-2 and Pascal, with enhancements like garbage collection, object-oriented programming, and robust concurrency support. Although not widely adopted, Modula-3 has influenced the design of other languages and remains a point of interest in language research.

25. Oberon

Oberon is a minimalist programming language and operating system, designed by Niklaus Wirth in the late 1980s. It emphasizes simplicity and efficiency, stripping down features to the essentials needed for system-level programming. Oberon is known for its small footprint and has been used in education, research, and embedded systems.

26. Zig

Zig is a modern systems programming language that focuses on performance, safety, and portability. It offers manual memory management like C, but with a strong emphasis on safety features, such as compile-time checks and error handling. Zig is gaining attention for its simplicity, ease of cross-compilation, and suitability for low-level programming tasks.

27. Chapel

Chapel is a parallel programming language developed by Cray Inc., designed for high-performance computing (HPC). It simplifies the development of parallel applications, offering abstractions for multi-threading, distributed memory, and parallelism. Chapel’s design makes it easier to write scalable, efficient code for supercomputing tasks and large-scale data processing.

28. Crystal

Crystal is a high-level, statically typed language that offers Ruby-like syntax with the performance benefits of compiled languages. It features type inference, concurrency with fibers, and a focus on simplicity and efficiency. Crystal is designed for building high-performance web applications, APIs, and command-line tools, making it a popular choice among Ruby enthusiasts looking for speed.

29. Forth

Forth is a stack-based, extensible language that allows direct manipulation of memory and hardware. Known for its simplicity and flexibility, Forth is often used in embedded systems, robotics, and real-time applications. Its interactive development environment and minimalistic syntax allow for rapid prototyping and efficient resource use in constrained environments.

30. Nim

Nim is a statically typed, compiled language that emphasizes performance, expressiveness, and metaprogramming. With a syntax inspired by Python, Nim offers the efficiency of C while providing powerful abstractions and a robust standard library. Nim’s versatility makes it suitable for system programming, web development, and scripting, with a growing community and ecosystem.

31. PHP

PHP is a popular server-side scripting language designed for web development. It is widely used to create dynamic websites and web applications, particularly for content management systems like WordPress. Outsourcing PHP development is known for its ease of use, extensive community support, and compatibility with various databases, making it a staple in the web development ecosystem.

32. HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

HTML is the standard language for creating and structuring content on the web. It provides the basic framework of web pages, defining elements like headings, paragraphs, links, and images. HTML is the foundation of web development, working in conjunction with CSS and JavaScript to build and design web pages.

33. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

CSS is a style sheet language used to control the presentation and layout of web pages. It allows software developers to separate content from design, enabling precise control over fonts, colors, spacing, and responsive layouts. CSS is essential for creating visually appealing and consistent web designs across different devices and screen sizes.

34. Hack

Hack is a programming language developed by Facebook as an evolution of PHP. It adds static typing and other features to PHP, enhancing performance, safety, and maintainability. Hack is used in large-scale web applications, particularly within Facebook’s infrastructure, and offers features like type annotations, generics, and collections to improve code reliability.

35. Elm

Elm is a functional programming language designed for front-end web development. It compiles to JavaScript and is known for its strong type system, which eliminates runtime errors and enhances code reliability. Elm’s architecture promotes simplicity and maintainability, making it an attractive choice for building robust, scalable web applications with a focus on user interface development.

36. ColdFusion

ColdFusion is a rapid application development platform by Adobe, primarily used for building dynamic web applications. It uses a scripting language known as CFML (ColdFusion Markup Language), which is similar to HTML. ColdFusion simplifies database integration and provides built-in functions for handling web forms, user authentication, and other common web development tasks.

37. ASP.NET

ASP.NET is a web framework developed by Microsoft for building dynamic web applications and services. It supports multiple programming languages, including C# and Visual Basic, and is part of the larger .NET ecosystem. ASP.NET development is known for its robust security features, performance, and scalability, making it a popular choice for enterprise-level web development.

38. Jinja

Jinja is a templating engine for Python, used primarily in web frameworks like Flask and Django. It allows coders to generate dynamic HTML content by embedding Python code within templates. Jinja supports template inheritance, control structures, and filters, making it a powerful tool for building complex, data-driven web applications with clean, maintainable code.

39. Twig

Twig is a templating engine for PHP, designed to be fast, secure, and flexible. It is widely used in web frameworks like Symfony and Drupal. Twig provides a clear syntax for writing templates, with features like template inheritance, macros, and filters. It promotes code reuse and maintainability, allowing software programmers to create dynamic, well-organized web pages.

40. R

R is a powerful programming language widely used in statistics and data analysis. Its extensive libraries and tools make it ideal for data manipulation, visualization, and statistical computing. R is favored by data scientists, statisticians, and researchers for its versatility and strong community support.

41. SAS: (Statistical Analysis System)

SAS is a robust software suite used for advanced analytics, business intelligence, data management, and predictive analytics. It is known for its reliability and comprehensive capabilities, making it popular in industries like healthcare, finance, and government for data analysis and reporting.

42. MATLAB: (Matrix Laboratory)

MATLAB is a high-level programming language and environment used for numerical computing, data analysis, and algorithm development. It is widely used in engineering, scientific research, and mathematical modeling, offering extensive tools for simulation, visualization, and matrix manipulation.

43. SQL: (Structured Query Language)

SQL is the standard language for managing and manipulating relational databases. It is essential for querying, updating, and managing data in databases, making it a fundamental skill for database administrators, data analysts, and software developers working with large datasets.

44. Stata

Stata is a statistical software package used for data analysis, data management, and graphics. It is favored in academia, economics, and social sciences for its ease of use, comprehensive statistical capabilities, and ability to handle large datasets efficiently.

45. IDL: (Interactive Data Language)

IDL is a programming language used primarily for data analysis, visualization, and scientific computing. It is popular in fields like astronomy, remote sensing, and medical imaging, offering powerful tools for analyzing complex datasets and creating high-quality visual representations.

46. SPSS: (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences)

SPSS is a software suite used for statistical analysis in social science research. It is widely utilized in academia, healthcare, and market research for its user-friendly interface and robust statistical analysis tools, enabling easy data manipulation and reporting.

47. DAX: (Data Analysis Expressions)

DAX is a formula language used in Microsoft Power BI, PowerPivot, and Analysis Services. It enables advanced data modeling and analysis, allowing users to create custom calculations, aggregations, and business logic for dynamic data visualizations and reports.

48. J

J is a high-level, array-oriented programming language that emphasizes concise syntax and powerful operations on data arrays. It is used in mathematical computing, data analysis, and algorithm development, particularly in fields that require the manipulation of multidimensional data structures. J is known for its expressive and compact code.

49. Bash: (Bourne Again Shell)

Bash is a Unix shell and command language widely used for scripting and automating tasks in Linux and Unix environments. It offers powerful features for file manipulation, program execution, and process control, making it essential for system administrators and coders working in open-source ecosystems.

50. PowerShell

PowerShell is a task automation and configuration management framework from Microsoft, combining the power of a scripting language with command-line capabilities. It is designed for automating administrative tasks and managing systems within the Windows environment, offering advanced tools for controlling and automating Windows-based systems.

51. Tcl: (Tool Command Language)

Tcl is a versatile scripting language known for its simplicity and ease of embedding in applications. It is often used for rapid prototyping, GUIs, and testing automation. Tcl’s flexible nature and powerful integration capabilities make it popular in network applications, embedded systems, and web development.

52. Racket

Racket is a descendant of Lisp, designed for creating and experimenting with new programming languages. It is known for its flexibility, making it ideal for research, education, and rapid prototyping. Racket provides powerful tools for functional programming, language design, and web development, with a strong emphasis on metaprogramming.

53. Haskell

Haskell is a purely functional programming language known for its strong static typing and lazy evaluation. It emphasizes immutability and mathematical functions, making it ideal for developing high-reliability systems, compilers, and research projects. Haskell is favored in academia and industries that require formal verification and complex data processing.

54. AutoHotkey

AutoHotkey is a free, open-source scripting language for Windows, designed for automating repetitive tasks, creating custom keyboard shortcuts, and scripting complex actions. It is popular among users who want to automate processes, enhance productivity, and create macros in Windows environments without extensive programming knowledge.

55. AppleScript

AppleScript is a scripting language created by Apple, used to automate tasks on macOS. It allows users to control applications, manage files, and perform complex workflows with ease. AppleScript is commonly used in creative industries, where automation of repetitive tasks in macOS applications like Photoshop, Finder, and iTunes can save significant time.

56. Fish: (Friendly Interactive Shell)

Fish is a smart and user-friendly command-line shell for Unix-like operating systems. It features an intuitive syntax, powerful auto-suggestions, and vibrant colors, making it accessible for beginners while still powerful for experienced users. Fish is designed to be user-friendly without requiring extensive configuration.

57. VBScript: (Visual Basic Scripting Edition)

VBScript is a scripting language developed by Microsoft, primarily used for automation tasks in Windows environments. It is commonly embedded in web pages, used in network administration, and for automating tasks in Microsoft Office applications. VBScript is known for its simplicity and integration with Windows Script Host (WSH).

58. Embedded C

Embedded C is a set of language extensions to the C programming language, tailored for developing software on embedded systems. It provides access to low-level hardware features and is widely used in microcontroller programming, firmware development, and real-time applications, where performance and resource efficiency are critical.

59. VHDL: (VHSIC Hardware Description Language)

VHDL is a programming language used for modeling and simulating digital circuits at various levels of abstraction. It is widely used in the design and verification of FPGA and ASIC hardware. VHDL’s strong typing and concurrency features make it ideal for describing complex digital systems.

60. Verilog

Verilog is a hardware description language (HDL) used to model electronic systems. It is widely used in the design and verification of digital circuits, such as those found in FPGAs and ASICs. Verilog enables designers to describe hardware behavior and structure, allowing for simulation, synthesis, and implementation of digital logic.

61. SPIN

SPIN is a programming language designed for the Propeller microcontroller by Parallax. It supports parallel processing through its unique multi-core architecture. SPIN is used for developing embedded applications that require concurrent task execution, such as robotics, automation, and real-time control systems.

62. PL/M: (Programming Language for Microcomputers)

PL/M is a high-level language developed by Intel for microprocessor programming. It combines the features of assembly language with the ease of a high-level language, making it suitable for writing firmware, system software, and device drivers for Intel microprocessors.

63. eLua: (Embedded Lua)

eLua is a lightweight, embeddable scripting language based on Lua, designed for embedded systems. It provides flexibility and ease of use for developing applications on microcontrollers and small devices, offering powerful features like dynamic typing and garbage collection while maintaining a small memory footprint.

64. XC

XC is a programming language designed by XMOS for developing concurrent and real-time embedded systems. It simplifies the programming of multi-core processors by providing abstractions for parallelism, synchronization, and communication between cores. XC is used in applications where deterministic timing and high-performance processing are crucial.

65. Mumps: (Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System)

Mumps is a language designed for database-driven applications, particularly in healthcare systems. It combines a powerful database engine with a programming language, allowing efficient data storage and retrieval. Mumps is still widely used in medical information systems and financial applications.

66. PureScript

PureScript is a strongly typed, purely functional programming language that compiles to JavaScript, C++11, Erlang, and Go. It is versatile enough to be used in the development of web applications, server-side applications, and even desktop applications, either through Electron or by using C++11 and Go compilers with the appropriate libraries. Its syntax bears a strong resemblance to Haskell but sets itself apart by incorporating features like row polymorphism and extensible records. Unlike Haskell, which uses lazy evaluation, PureScript is designed to use strict evaluation, although some back ends that do not conform to this standard may implement lazy evaluation.

67. Xamarin

Xamarin is used to build native iOS, Android, and Windows apps from a single codebase. Xamarin development allows app developers to share code across platforms while accessing native APIs, delivering high-performance apps with a native look and feel. Xamarin is popular for its efficiency in mobile app development outsourcing.

68. Corona: (now Solar2D)

Corona is a cross-platform framework for building mobile apps and games using Lua, a lightweight scripting language. It offers a rich set of APIs and a fast development environment, making it ideal for creating 2D games and multimedia applications. Corona is praised for its ease of use, fast iteration, and active community support.

69. B4X

B4X is a suite of RAD (Rapid Application Development) tools that allows application developers to build apps for Android, iOS, and desktop using a language similar to BASIC. It simplifies cross-platform development by providing a unified programming language and environment. B4X is known for its simplicity and ability to create native apps with minimal code.

70. React Native

React Native is an open-source framework developed by Facebook for building cross-platform mobile apps using JavaScript and React. React Native development allows developers to write code once and deploy it on both iOS and Android, while still delivering a native user experience. React Native’s component-based architecture and hot-reloading feature make it popular for efficient offshore mobile app development.

71. Elixir

Elixir is a dynamic, functional language designed for building scalable and maintainable applications. Running on the Erlang VM, it inherits Erlang’s fault-tolerant and concurrent capabilities, making it ideal for real-time systems, distributed computing, and microservices. Elixir’s syntax is clean and modern, and it is widely used for developing high-performance web applications.

72. Erlang

Erlang is a concurrent, functional programming language designed for building distributed, fault-tolerant systems. It is widely used in telecommunications, messaging systems, and real-time applications that require high availability and scalability. Erlang’s lightweight processes and message-passing model make it ideal for systems that demand reliability and low-latency communication.

73. F#

F# is a functional-first programming language that runs on the .NET framework. It combines functional programming with object-oriented and imperative features, making it versatile for various types of applications. F# is known for its concise syntax, strong typing, and seamless interoperability with C#. It is often used in data analysis, financial modeling, and scientific computing.

74. Clojure

Clojure is a modern, dynamic, functional dialect of Lisp that runs on the JVM. It is designed for concurrency and immutable data structures, making it ideal for applications that require robust multi-threading. Clojure’s simplicity, expressiveness, and powerful macro system make it popular for data-driven applications, web development, and functional programming enthusiasts.

75. OCaml

OCaml is a general-purpose, functional programming language with strong static typing and an expressive syntax. It supports functional, imperative, and object-oriented programming paradigms, making it versatile for various applications. OCaml is known for its performance and safety, and it is commonly used in systems programming, financial modeling, and academic research.

76. Scheme

Scheme is a minimalist, functional programming language and a dialect of Lisp. It emphasizes simplicity and a small set of powerful constructs, making it ideal for teaching programming concepts, research, and writing interpreters. Scheme’s clean and elegant syntax has made it influential in the development of other functional languages and educational tools.

77. Lisp: (LISt Processing)

Lisp is one of the oldest programming languages, known for its unique parenthetical syntax and powerful macro system. It pioneered many features of functional programming and has influenced countless other languages. Lisp’s flexibility and ability to manipulate code as data make it popular in AI research, symbolic computation, and academic settings.

78. GDScript

GDScript is a high-level, dynamically typed programming language used in the Godot Engine for game development. Designed specifically for ease of use, it is syntactically similar to Python, allowing for rapid game prototyping and development. GDScript integrates seamlessly with Godot’s node-based architecture, making it ideal for creating 2D and 3D games.

79. UnrealScript

UnrealScript is a scripting language used in the Unreal Engine for game development. It is designed to handle gameplay logic, AI, and interactive elements within games. While no longer actively used in newer versions of Unreal Engine, UnrealScript was pivotal in developing many popular games, providing a robust environment for building complex game mechanics.

80. AngelScript

AngelScript is an open-source, statically typed scripting language designed to be embedded in C++ applications. It is commonly used in game development outsourcing for scripting gameplay, AI, and other game mechanics. AngelScript’s syntax is similar to C++, making it easy for C++ developers to learn and integrate into their projects.

81. Haxe

Haxe is an open-source, cross-platform programming language that can compile to various target languages, including JavaScript, C++, and C#. It is often used in game development for its flexibility and ability to deploy games across multiple platforms from a single codebase. Haxe is popular in the indie game development community for its versatility and efficiency.

82. Rebol (Relative Expression-Based Object Language)

Rebol is a lightweight, flexible programming language designed for data exchange and scripting tasks. It features a unique syntax and focuses on simplicity and expressiveness, making it ideal for quick prototyping, domain-specific languages, and small-scale applications.

83. Smalltalk

Smalltalk is a pure object-oriented programming language and development environment known for its simple syntax and powerful development tools. It pioneered many concepts now standard in modern programming, such as the integrated development environment (IDE) and dynamic typing, making it influential in the development of object-oriented programming.

84. Scratch

Scratch is a visual programming language designed for beginners, particularly children, to learn programming concepts through creating interactive stories, games, and animations. It uses a drag-and-drop interface with code blocks, making it easy to understand and use without prior coding experience, fostering creativity and logical thinking.

85. Logo

Logo is an educational programming language known for its turtle graphics, where commands control the movement of a “turtle” on the screen to create drawings. It was designed to teach programming concepts and mathematics to children, emphasizing problem-solving and creative exploration through simple, intuitive commands.

86. Prolog (Programming in Logic)

Prolog is a logic programming language primarily used in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. It excels in tasks involving symbolic reasoning, pattern matching, and natural language processing, making it ideal for developing expert systems, theorem proving, and AI research.

87. Mercury

Mercury is a functional logic programming language known for its high performance and strong typing. It is designed for building large, reliable, and efficient software systems, combining the declarative nature of logic programming with the advantages of functional programming, making it suitable for complex, data-intensive applications.

88. APL

APL (A Programming Language) is a high-level, array-oriented programming language known for its concise syntax and powerful operations on multidimensional data. It is particularly strong in mathematical computation, data analysis, and algorithm development, making it popular in fields requiring complex mathematical modeling and high-performance computing.

89. Vala

Vala is a high-level programming language designed to bring modern programming language features to GNOME developers without sacrificing runtime efficiency. It is syntactically similar to C# and compiles to C code, allowing software programmers to write high-performance applications with fewer lines of code and better memory management.

90. Eiffel

Eiffel is an object-oriented programming language designed for building robust, reliable software through a methodology called Design by Contract. It emphasizes code correctness and reusability, making it particularly suitable for large, complex systems where high levels of reliability and maintainability are required.

91. Tcl/Tk

Tcl (Tool Command Language) is a versatile scripting language often used for rapid prototyping, scripting, and GUI development. Tk is an associated toolkit that provides a simple way to create graphical user interfaces. Together, Tcl/Tk is widely used in applications that require quick development cycles and cross-platform GUI support.

92. Nemerle

Nemerle is a statically typed, high-level programming language that integrates features from functional, object-oriented, and imperative programming paradigms. It is designed for meta-programming, allowing software engineers to create and manipulate code at compile time, making it a powerful tool for writing concise, efficient, and flexible code.

93. Rexx

Rexx (Restructured Extended Executor) is a scripting language developed for ease of use in scripting and text processing tasks. It is known for its simplicity and readability, making it accessible for non-programmers. Rexx is widely used for automating tasks in mainframe environments, as well as in various scripting and macro languages.

94. AWK

AWK is a scripting language primarily used for pattern scanning and processing in text files. It is powerful for data extraction and reporting, with built-in support for regular expressions and associative arrays. AWK is commonly used in Unix-like environments for processing log files, text transformation, and generating reports.

95. PostScript

PostScript is a page description language used in the electronic and desktop publishing fields to describe the layout and graphics of printed pages. It is a Turing-complete language, enabling complex document creation and manipulation. PostScript is the foundation of many printer languages and is key in professional printing workflows.

96. SML (Standard ML)

SML is a functional programming language known for its strong static typing, type inference, and modularity. It is often used in academic research, teaching, and the development of robust software systems, where safety and correctness are paramount. SML’s expressive type system helps catch errors at compile-time.

97. ActionScript

ActionScript is a programming language used primarily for developing rich internet applications and multimedia content on the Adobe Flash platform. It is an object-oriented language with syntax similar to JavaScript, enabling software programmers to create interactive animations, games, and web applications with dynamic multimedia capabilities.

98. Alice

Alice is an educational programming environment designed to teach students the basics of programming through 3D animations and storytelling. It uses a drag-and-drop interface, allowing users to create animations by placing objects in a virtual world and defining their behaviors, making it an engaging tool for learning programming concepts.

99. Io

Io is a prototype-based programming language that emphasizes simplicity and flexibility. It is dynamically typed and supports concurrency through actor-based messaging. Io is designed to be small and expressive, allowing software engineers to create and modify objects and behaviors easily, making it suitable for experimental programming and rapid prototyping.

100. Euler

In Euler’s programming framework, a broad concept of data types is utilized. Unlike ALGOL, where arrays, procedures, and switches are declared and identified by specific names, Euler does not treat these elements as primary entities akin to variables. Instead, they are considered equivalent to numeric and boolean constants in terms of their hierarchical status within the language. Consequently, Euler extends the conventional set of numeric and logical constants by incorporating additional types such as references, labels, symbols, lists (which function as arrays), procedures, and an undefined type.

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